Quirinus or Ixion of Rome  -  CRUCIFIED

 506 BCE

This God was conceived by a virgin. His life was sought by the ruler kin Amulius. He was of royal blood. He was put to death by crucifixion by wicked hands. On his exit from his body the whole earth was enveloped in darkness, just like Jesus, Krishna, and Prometheus. He then is resurrected and ascends back to heaven.

It seems there might be a bit of confusion in the names mentioned. Quirinus and Ixion are distinct figures from different mythological traditions. Let’s clarify each one separately.

Quirinus

Quirinus is a deity from ancient Roman religion and mythology, often associated with the Roman state and its community of citizens. Here are key details about Quirinus:

• Origins: Quirinus is thought to have originally been a Sabine god of storms and thunder, similar to the Roman god Janus or even Mars, the god of war. Over time, his identity and functions evolved.
• Association with Romulus: Quirinus is often identified with Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, who was deified under this name after his death. This transformation symbolizes the transition from a warrior king to a god of the Roman state.
• Role and Worship: As a god, Quirinus was one of the three major gods of the Roman state religion, along with Jupiter and Mars. He was particularly associated with the well-being of the Roman community and its military defenses.
• Cult: His main temple was located on the Quirinal Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. The Quirinal Hill and the temple itself were central to his worship and are a testament to his importance in Roman religion.

Ixion

Ixion, on the other hand, belongs to Greek mythology and is known for his infamous deeds and punishment:

• King of the Lapiths: Ixion was a king of the Lapiths in Thessaly. He is most notorious for his betrayal and impiety.
• Crime and Punishment: Ixion committed one of the first recorded murders of kin when he killed his father-in-law to avoid a bridal gift. He was purified of this sin by Zeus but later attempted to seduce Hera, Zeus’s wife. As a punishment for this ultimate betrayal, Zeus bound him to a fiery wheel that spins eternally in the underworld.
• Legacy: Ixion’s punishment is often seen as a cautionary tale about the consequences of hubris and betrayal against the gods. He is also sometimes credited with fathering the Centaurs, through a cloud made in Hera’s image by Zeus.

These two figures, Quirinus and Ixion, illustrate the rich and varied narratives found in Roman and Greek mythology, respectively, each embodying different moral and cultural lessons significant to their societies.

Prometheus of the Caucasus  -  CRUCIFIED

 547 BCE

Seneca, Hesiod, and other writers state that he was nailed to an upright beam of timber to which was affixed a cross member that extended arms of wood.

Wittoba of Telingonese or Bilingonese 

 552 BCE

There is a conclusive historical record that this God was crucified. He is represented in his history with nail holes in hs hands and the soles of his feet. Nails, hammers and pincers are constantly seen on his represented crucifixes and graven objects. The iron crown of Lombardy has within it a nail from the true original cross This crown is much revered on account of this nail. The worship of this God is mainly in Travancore and other southern countries in the Madura region.

The god Wittoba, also known as Vithoba or Vitthala, is a deity primarily worshiped in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is often associated with the deity Vishnu or his avatar Krishna in Hinduism. The name “Wittoba” or “Vithoba” could be a variation in pronunciation or transliteration, and “Telingonese” or “Bilingonese” seems to be a misinterpretation or an archaic reference to the Telugu-speaking people or perhaps a mix-up with the region’s name.

Vithoba is typically depicted as a dark young boy standing on a brick, arms akimbo, with a slight smile, and often accompanied by his consort, Rakhumai or Rukmini. The most famous temple of Vithoba is located in Pandharpur, Maharashtra. This temple is the focus of a major pilgrimage known as the “Wari,” which attracts millions of devotees annually.

The deity is particularly revered in the “Varkari” movement, a devotional tradition within Maharashtra. Vithoba is celebrated in numerous festivals, the most significant being “Ashadhi Ekadashi.” Devotees express their devotion through songs called “Abhangs,” written by saint-poets like Tukaram and Dnyaneshwar.

The worship of Vithoba blends elements of Vaishnavism (worship of Vishnu) and Shaivism (worship of Shiva), indicating a syncretic tradition in Hinduism. His worship emphasizes values such as humility, devotion, and the importance of community, reflecting a deep cultural integration into the lives of his devotees.

Quetzalcoatl of Mexico  -  CRUCIFIED

 587 BCE

 …more info …

There is an explicit, unequivocal and ineffaceable historical record of this Mexican God being executed upon the cross as a sacrifice for the sins of mankind. This evidence is engraved on steel and metal plates. One plate states he was crucified on a mountain, another plate represents him crucified in heaven (same as St. Justin tells Christ was). Sometimes he is represented as hanging on a cross and other times he is holding a cross in his hand. Sometimes he is represented as having two thieves crucified with him. The Mexican Antiquities confirms that Quexalcote is in the paintings of Codex Borgianus as nailed to the cross. Also in the Codex Borgianus is the account of the crucifiction, his death, his burial, his descent into hell, and his resurrection on the third day. In a similar work entitled Codex Vaticanus is the story of his birth by immaculate conception by a virgin named Chimalman. There are many other references in other writings of his forty days temptation and fasting, his riding on an ass, his purification in the temple, his baptism regenerating him by water, his forgiving of sins, being anointed with oil. These accounts are found through out the sacred books.

Quetzalcoatl, often referred to in the context of your question as “Quexalcote,” is one of the most important gods in the pantheon of Mesoamerican religions, particularly among the Aztec and Toltec cultures of ancient Mexico. The name “Quetzalcoatl” is Nahuatl and can be translated as “Feathered Serpent” or “Quetzal-feathered Serpent.”

Key Aspects of Quetzalcoatl:

1. Creator God: Quetzalcoatl is often considered a creator god and is associated with creation myths, including the creation of mankind. He is one of the major deities of the Aztec, where he was related to gods of wind, and was believed to be a bringer of life and culture.
2. Cultural Hero: Beyond his role as a deity, Quetzalcoatl is also seen as a cultural hero. He is credited with the introduction of many important cultural and practical aspects to ancient Mesoamerican societies, such as the calendar, agriculture, and the arts.
3. Dual Nature: Like many Mesoamerican deities, Quetzalcoatl is often depicted as a complex figure with both benevolent and malevolent aspects. He is associated with life-giving, but also has connections to the underworld and death.
4. Iconography: Quetzalcoatl is commonly depicted as a serpent adorned with the beautiful, vibrant feathers of the quetzal bird, which are a symbol of wealth and preciousness. This iconography emphasizes his status as a divine entity.
5. Historical and Cultural Influence: The myth of Quetzalcoatl includes a prophecy that he would return from the east, which became significant during the Spanish conquest of Mexico. The Aztec emperor Moctezuma II initially believed the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés might be Quetzalcoatl, which influenced his responses to the Spanish arrival.
6. Worship and Temples: Temples and rituals dedicated to Quetzalcoatl were prominent in many Mesoamerican cities. The Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan and the Temple of Quetzalcoatl at Xochicalco are notable examples.

Quetzalcoatl’s influence extends beyond the religious and into the cultural and historical narratives of Mesoamerican peoples, making him a central figure in studies of these civilizations. His legacy is evident in the continued interest and reverence for his figure in modern Mexican culture and heritage.

Mithra of Persia  -  CRUCIFIED

Mithra of Persia  -  CRUCIFIED

 600 BCE

Born of a virgin on December 25.  Sacrificed himself for world peace.  Died on a cross.  Rose again 3 days after being buried in a tomb.  He is called “Redeemer”, “Savior”, “Messiah.” This God is very close to the Christian story of Jesus.

Mithra is a significant deity in ancient Persian mythology and Zoroastrianism, often associated with the sun, justice, contract, and war. His origins can be traced back to the ancient Indo-Iranian religion, where he was a god of light and the protector of truth. In Zoroastrianism, Mithra plays a crucial role as a divine figure embodying truth and righteousness.

In the Zoroastrian tradition, Mithra is considered an important yazata (a term used for beings worthy of worship), who presides over covenants and ensures that individuals uphold their promises and maintain honesty in their dealings. He is depicted as a powerful figure, carrying a weapon, usually a sword or a club, and sometimes accompanied by a divine chariot.

Mithra’s worship spread from Persia to the Roman Empire, where it transformed into the mystery religion known as Mithraism around the 1st to 4th centuries CE. This new cult, which was especially popular among the Roman military, portrayed Mithra as a god of soldiers and involved complex rituals and symbolism, distinct from his original attributes in Persian culture.

Key aspects of Mithra in the Persian context include:

• Guardianship of Cattle: In ancient texts, Mithra is often described as the protector of cattle, which were crucial to the agrarian societies of the time.
• Sun and Light: Mithra is closely linked to the sun, embodying light and the power that drives away darkness and evil.
• Judicial Role: He is also seen as a judge who oversees human behavior, ensuring that deceit and lies are punished.

Overall, Mithra’s attributes and worship highlight the importance of moral and ethical conduct, the sanctity of contractual agreements, and the battle against falsehood in ancient Persian culture.

Alcestis of Euripidies  -  CRUCIFIED

 600 BCE

The only example of a female God atoning for the sins of the world by being crucified. This account comes from the writings of the English Classical Journal vol 37. The account includes the doctrine of the trinity and her atonement offering for sins

“Alcestis” is not a god but rather a play by the ancient Greek playwright Euripides. This tragedy, first produced in 438 BCE, is unique among Greek tragedies for its mixture of tragic and comic elements, and sometimes it is considered to be more of a “problem play” or even a tragicomedy.

Plot Summary

The story of “Alcestis” centers around the titular character, Alcestis, who is the wife of Admetus, the king of Pherae in Thessaly. Admetus is granted a boon by Apollo, allowing him to escape death on the condition that someone else dies in his place. When the fateful day arrives, no one is willing to take Admetus’ place in death except for his devoted wife, Alcestis.

As Alcestis prepares to die, she expresses her love and loyalty to her husband and her concern for the welfare of their children after her death. Her sacrifice is a poignant exploration of love, duty, and selflessness.

Themes and Characters

• Alcestis: The heroine of the play, characterized by her selflessness and devotion. Her willingness to die for her husband makes her one of the most heroic female figures in ancient Greek drama.
• Admetus: Alcestis’ husband, who, despite his initial selfishness in accepting his wife’s sacrifice, is portrayed as a loving and grief-stricken husband.
• Heracles: The hero appears later in the play and provides a more comic and robust contrast to the earlier tragic elements. Unaware of Alcestis’ fate when he arrives, he eventually fights Death itself to bring her back.
• Death: Personified as a character in the play, Death comes to claim Alcestis and represents the inevitable nature of mortality.

Interpretation

Euripides uses the story to explore themes such as the fear of death, the nature of heroism, and the depths of marital love. The play also examines the roles and expectations of men and women in Greek society, particularly in the context of family and duty.

“Alcestis” is celebrated for its emotional depth and the complexity of its characters, blending tragic circumstances with moments of relief and even humor, particularly through the character of Heracles. This blend of tones and the moral questions posed by the characters’ decisions have made “Alcestis” a subject of interest and debate among scholars and audiences for centuries.

Sakya Buddha, Hindu of India  -  CRUCIFIED

 600 BCE

AKA Sakya Budda, Sakia Muni, sa skya, “pale earth”). This god was an extensively worshiped sin atoning savior who was written by several oriental and Christian writers to have been crucified.  One account was an arrow pierced his heart and fastened him against a tree then split at right angles to form a cross that hung the body.  He had a virgin birth that is depicted by a virgin mother holding her child and flowers indicating her virginity and that her immortality was transferred to her son.  His crucifixion was designed as a sin atonement.  He taught that all sin has punishment either in this life or the next.    Sakia suffered a suffering crucifixion where he died, went down to hell to suffer a short period, 3 days, then resurrected.  Before he ascended to heaven he taught soul- elevating precepts.  While alive he made the blind see, the deaf hear, the dumb speak, the lame dance, and the crooked become straight.
His mother was very pious and refined.  She is referred to as the “Holy Virgin, Queen of Heaven.”

“Sakya Buddha,” which refers to Siddhartha Gautama, more commonly known as the Buddha. Siddhartha Gautama is the founder of Buddhism and is often referred to in the context of his clan name, “Sakya,” hence the term “Sakya Buddha.”

Here is a brief description of Siddhartha Gautama and his significance in Buddhism:

Early Life

• Birth: Siddhartha Gautama was born into the royal family of the Shakya clan in Lumbini, which is now located in modern-day Nepal, around the 5th to 4th century BCE.
• Early Life: He lived a sheltered life of luxury as a prince. According to legend, a prophecy indicated that he would either become a great king or a great spiritual leader. His father, the king, hoping for the former, shielded him from the harsh realities of life.

Renunciation

• Great Renunciation: At the age of 29, after encountering the realities of aging, sickness, death, and a monk in meditation, Siddhartha left his palace, family, and princely responsibilities to seek enlightenment and a solution to human suffering.

Enlightenment

• Meditation and Asceticism: Siddhartha practiced severe asceticism for several years without finding the answers he sought. He then decided on a “Middle Way” between severe asceticism and indulgence.
• Enlightenment: He attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. He realized profound insights into the nature of existence, the cycle of rebirth (samsara), and the path to liberation (nirvana).

Teaching

• Dharma: After his enlightenment, he became known as the Buddha, or “the Awakened One.” He spent the remainder of his life teaching the Dharma, the path to liberation from suffering.
• Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path: His teachings centered on the Four Noble Truths — the nature of suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the path leading to its cessation. The Eightfold Path provides ethical and mental development guidelines.

Legacy

• Spread of Buddhism: Buddhism spread throughout Asia and later to the rest of the world, adapting to and influencing many cultures.
• Impact: Today, Buddhism is a major world religion, with diverse traditions and practices but unified by the foundational teachings of the Buddha.

The term “Sakya Buddha” emphasizes his origins from the Sakya clan, highlighting his princely heritage before his transformation into a spiritual leader whose teachings have influenced millions across centuries.

Iao of Nepal  -  CRUCIFIED

 622 BCE

AKA Jao.  This God has definite and specific testimony that he was crucified on a tree in Neapaul (Georgius, p. 202). This Savior’s name appears in the holy bibles and sacred books of other countries. It is often spelled Jao which sounds like the shortened version of Jehovah.

Indra of Tibet  -  CRUCIFIED

 725 BCE

The crucifixion account can be found in Georgius, Thibetinum Alphabetum p 230. There were plates found representing this tibetan Savior as having been nailed to a cross. There are five wounds representing the nail holes and one representing the piercing of his side.There are marvelous stories about his birth as a divine redeemer to a virgin of black complexion (Jesus is said to have had an ebony hue as is the case with other sin-atoning Saviors). He descended from heaven on a mission of benevolence and after he was cucified he ascended back to his heavenly mansion. He led a life of strict celibacy which he taught was essential to true holiness. He showed great tenderness towards all living creatures. He would walk upon the water and upon the air. He could prophesy the future event with great accuracy. He practiced sever discipline of the boday and mind with devout contemplation and subjected his passions. He was worshiped as a God who is a spirit in all living entities. His followers were called “heavenly teachers.”

Bali of Afghanistan Corisa  -  CRUCIFIED

 725 BCE

AKA Baliu or Bel.  In a country known as Orissa in Asia they had this Savior God who was crucified.  They referred to him and the Lord Second referring to him as the second God of a trinity.  The historical record Anacalypsis recorded (Vol I 257) that monuments of this crucified God were found in the ruins of the ancient city of Mahabalipore buried among the other statutes of the temple.

1. Bali – In Hindu mythology, Bali (also known as Mahabali or Bali Chakravarti) is a benevolent and just king of the Asuras, known for his generosity and the ruler whom Vishnu visits in his fifth avatar, Vamana, to subdue by pushing him into the underworld. Bali is celebrated in various Hindu traditions and is particularly prominent in the legends and festivities like Onam in Kerala, India.